Heat exchange device and method of making the same



Feb 2 N33 w. H. CARRIERE AL. 39898313 HEAT EXCHANGE-DEVICE AND METHOD OFMAKING THE SAME Filed Dec. 26,v 1930 Patented Feb. 2l, 1933` .UNITEDs'rATEs PATE-.Nin ori-ICE WILLIS H. CARRIER, Ol' ESSEX FELLS,|NEWJERSEY, AND EDWARD S. EEA, OF IOBBIB- i PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS," BYMESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T CARRIER 'BE- smncn eonrona'r JEasE'Y oN, or NEWEEx,NEW JERSEY, A eonEoEarIoN or' NEW naar ExciIANeE DEvIcE AND NE'rnon onMAKING THE sami' f' Application led December 28, 1980. Serial No.504,678.

This invention relates to heat exchange dep vices, such as steamradiators or heaters, of`

I the sort which comprise a core or body having fluid passages for thesteam or other temperature changing medium, usually provided withprojecting radiating fins or plates, and one or more headers withwhichthe fluid passages connect, and by which the lseveral passages ofthel core communicate with vthe pipe or pipes for the supply and,discharge of the steam or other medium to and from said passages.

More particularly, the invention relates to an -improved constructionand method of making the `same, for radiators or heaters 1n which thefluid passages and the radiating fins or plates are madeof relativelythin steel,

orother metal which is apt to corrode or rust if not properly protected,and in which the headers or elements with which the fluid passagesconnect are made with walls of sulfficient thickness to withstand highsteam' pressures and the ravages ofy corrosion or rust.

Steam radiators or heaters have been made in which the core. or body offinned Huid passages is built up of a multiplicity of thin,

spaced sheets or plates, each having holes therethrough surrounded byintegral flanges or nipples projecting from one side of the sheet orplate, the projectin flanges or niples of the .several plates' ingnested or Etted tightly and brazed one within another so that thenipples or lian s thus fitted and secured together forni the -uidpassages, and the plates form extended radiating fins or I surfacesprojectin out from the walls ofthe lluid passages o the radiator orheater. Such radiators or heaters have been made of thin steel sheets,the nested, tapering nipples of which are brazed together by means ofcopper which .is melted at a high tem erature y in a hydrogenatmosphere. This met od producesv good bonds between the interfittingnipples forming the fluid passages, but the interlor surfaces of thesepassages are not adequately protected against corrosion or rusting andit has been foundpnecessary, in order to insure long lifes of theradiators or heaters to line the passages with thin tubes of anon-corrodible metal, such as lead,

which leadv tubes are drawn throu h the iiuid passages and extruded orexpan ed tightly against the interior surfaces of the passages.Difficulty has also been found in making joints or connections betweenthe thin Walls of the fluid passages and headers that will reliablywithstand hi h steam ressures.

The present invention provi es a practical construction and method forjoining radiator or heater cores of the type last mentioned to the heads and preventing corrosion of the parts. owever, the invention is notnecessarily restricted to radiators or heaters in which the Huidpassages are 'built up ras explained, by interconnected flanges 4ornipples of the thin-lin plates, but .is also applicable tordevices ofother construction, for instance to devices involving thin, sin le-pieceor continuous tubes, similarly line to a header or the linin standthellned Walls and prevent the possi ility of leakage of steam ormoisture `between the linings andthe passage walls so as to causecorrosion or rusting of the walls.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a practical method formaking strong,

durable and reliable joints between the elements of heat exchangedevices and hermetically sealingthe joints between the walls and wallinings of the devices; also to improve heat exchange 'devices and themethod ofmaking same in theother respects hereinafter described and setforth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Flg. 1 1s a sectional elevation of a steaml heater embodyin ourinvention.

Fig. 2 is a -agmentary side elevation thereof. v

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary, sectional plan view thereof on line 3-3, Fig.1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail section shewing the fer-rule connectionsbetween one head- 'er and body at one end of the heater.

\Referriiligfirst to the construction il1ustrated in igs. 1 to 4, thecoreor finned tube body of the radiator or heater is composed of aplurality of relatively closely spaced radiating plates 10, each ofwhich plates is provided with a plurality of holes surrounded by flangesor nipples 11 integral with the plate, projecting from one side of theplate. These anges 11 are slightly tapered or coni-A cal and the flangesof one plate fit tightly into the flanged holes of the next plate sothat when the gether the interhtting fianges form continuous tubes orpassages surrounded by the plates which project laterally from the tubesor passages and form extended radiating fins or surfaces. The jointsbetween the intertting flanges 11 are preferably brazed'by means ofcopper in a hydrogen atmosphere, as explained. Preferably the tubes orpassages thus formed are arranged in two or more rows with the tubes inone row staggered with reference to the tubes in the 4next row, and thetubes are preferably elongated or elliptical in cross section, as shown.

12 and 13 represent opposite or supply and discharge headers connectedto the opposite ends of the finned tubes. These headers are preferablyalike and each is composed of thick-walled, inner and outer portions orsections 14 and 15, which may-be made of steel. The inner section of theheader 12 is provided with integral, inwardly projecting flanges ornipples 16 into which the ends of the nipples on the adjacent fin plateare pressed and ,brazed by the same operation lthat is employed to pressand braze together the fianges of the several plates. The walls of theheader are of suflicient thickness to withstand high steam pressure andalso to insure long life under usual conditions of corrosion, and arethicker than the sheets of which the core is composed, but the internaldimensions and shape of the inturned nipples 16 of the header corres ondto the external dimen'- sions and taper o the nipples of the fin platesso that the ends of the tubes or fluid passages formed thereby properlyfit the nipples of the header. The header is 4preferably lbrazed on theends ofthe tubes in the same manner and at the saine time so that theflan d tin plates are brazed to each other.

e inner section or portion 14 of the opposite header 13 is of the sameform and has similar inwardly projecting nipples or ilanges 16 formingtapered holes, but since. the fin plate nearest to' this header has noiian or nipples projectin toward the hea er, a separate ferrule or seeve 17 is emr. ployed to connect leach of the core tubes or passageswith this second header 13. Each of these ferrules 17 is preferably ofdouble tapered or double conical form and has thin walls corresponding`ness, dimensions an taper to the flanges o n lates are thus secured to`substantially in thickjecting ends of the ferrule 17 are ada ted tovfity into .and be brazed in the flanged ole of the second header 13 inthe manner above described in connection with the hole anges on .thefirst iin plate.

After the inner sections or portions of the headers have thus beenbrazed or attached to the opposite ends of the core tubes or passages,thin tubes 18, preferably of lead, are drawn through the tubes orpassages of the core and expanded against the inner surfaces of'thetubes or passages so as to tightly lit ad conform to the same and to beextruded into all recesses. The projecting ends 18d of the lining tubesare then turned or folded over the inwardly projecting iiangesl of theheaders and tightly against the outer surfaces of flanges 16. The jointsbetween these turned-over ends 18a of the lining tubes and theheaderflanges 16 are then hermetically sealed, preferably by solder,shown at 19. The inwardly projecting flanges 16 and the peri heral walls20 of the headers form wells or epressions so that by placing the corewith headers attached in an upri ht osition with one header uppermost anhorizontal, depressions are provided in the uppermost header in whichthe solder can be placed, and then by heating the header to the requiredtemperature, 'the solder will flow andfuse to the overturned ends of thelining tubes and form hermetic or steam-tight joints between the tube.linings and the headers, whichwill prevent steam or moisture fromentering between the linings and the walls of the tubes through vwhichthe linings pass. The joints between the opposite headerand the adjacentends of the lining tubes are similarly sealed by turning the core upsidedown and lacing the solder in the then uppermost hea er. v

The outer sections or -portions 14 of the headers can be welded/orbrazed to the inner portions 15 in the usual or any suitable manner.

In the construction described, the radiating tubes may be made of thinsheet metal or Ametal which may corrode or rust, but the linings sealedto the headers, as explained,

p'event the possibilit of moisture gettingv tween the linings an thewalls of thetubes so as to reachand attack the metal o f the tubes.There is no strain upon these lining elements, the brazed joints betweenthe ends isoV las

rounded by an integral wall'llange projecting into said header, apassage-forming ele, ment rigidly secured in said hole, a lining of'non-corrodible material extending through said element and having itsend portion turnedover said inwardly projecting Harige, and a body ofmaterial hermetically sealing the joint between the end' of said liningand said header llange.

2. A heat exchange device comprising a header having a hole in a wallthereof sur-v rounded by `an integral wall flange project-` ing intosaid header, a passage-forming element rigidly secured insaid hole, alining of non-corrodible material extending through said element andhaving its end portion turned over said inwardly projecting flange, anda body of metal into which the end of said lining extends and which isfused to said end and header wall and seals the joint between the end ofsaid lining and said header flange.

' 3. Aheat exchange device comprising an element having a relativelythick wall provided with a hole surrounded by an integral wall flange, ahollow element having relatively thin walls of corrodible metal forminga lluidpassage and fitting in said hole and brazed to said flange, acorrosion-resisting metal lining extending through said hollow element,and a body of metal into which the end of said lining extends and whichis fused to said end and to saidthick wall and seals the joint betweenthe end of said'lining and said flange. j

4. A heat exchangedevice comprising an element having a relatively thickwall of corrodible metal provided with al holetherethrough, an elementhaving relatively thin walls of corrodible metal formin a luid passageand litting in said -hole an` brazed to said thick wall, acorrosion-resisting metal lining said fluid passage, and a Abod-y ofmetal into which the end of said lining extends and which is fused tosaid end and to said thick wall and seals the joint between the liningand the walls of said passage.

5. A heat exchange device comprisin body composed of` spaced relativel t'n plates havlng holes surrounded by anges, the flanges of the severalplates fitting and being secured one within another thereb forming luidpassages, a relatively thic walled header having holes surrounded 'byVllanges in which the flan es at one end of said body are rigidly securea second similarly flanged header at the opposite end of said body, and-ferrules ittmgll and brazed in the anges of said second eader and ofthe adjacent body plate.

6. A heat exchange device comprising a body composed of spacedplateshaving holes surrounded by `flanges, the flanges of the several platesfitting and being brazed one within another thereby forming fluidpassages,

headers at opposite ends of said body, each having holes surrounded byinwardly pro-' jectin flan es, the flanges of the plate at one end osaid ody fitting and being brazed inthe flanges of one of said headers,and ferirules fitting and being brazed inthe langesv o said other headerand of the adjacent body ate.

P 7. A heat exchange device comprising a body having spaced relativelythinradiatingl plates of metal and fluid passages formed by connectedintegral parts of said plates, the

passage-forming `parts, of the plate at one end of said body projectingoutwardly from said plate, a header having walls of eater thickness thansaid plates and provi ed with holes surrounded byv inwardly projectingflanges in which said passa -forming parts of said end late are secure asecond similar header `at t e opposite end of said body, ferrulessecured in thel'langed holes of said second header and entering andsecured in the adjacent ends of said fluid passages, said passages beinglined with corrosion-resisting metal, and solder` sealing the jointsbetween the ends of said linings and the walls of said passages at theiro posite ends.

8. The method o making a heat exchange Adevice formed with a radiatingbody having spaced thin plates of metal and iluid passages formed byconnected integral 'parts of said plates, and headers having relativelythicker walls and communicating with the opposite ends of'said fluidpassages, said method consisting in forming holes in the walls of saidheaders surrounded by integral wall flanges, brazing the passage-formingparts at one end of said body in the flanged holes of one header,brazing ferrules in the flanged holes of the other header and in theadjacent ends of said fluid passages, lining said fluid passages with acorrosion-resisting metal, andsealing l the joints between thel ends of.said linin and said fluid passages by solder fused to the, ends of thelinings and the adjacent walls of the headers.

9. The method of making al heat exchange device formed with afradiatingbody having spaced thin plates o f metal -and iluid passages formed Lbyconnected integral parts of said plates, and headers having relativelythicker 5 walls and communicating with the opposite ends of said fluidpassages, said method consisting in =forming holes inthe walls of saidheaders surrounded by integral wall ilanges, brazing the passage-formingparts at one end of said body in the flanged holes of one header,brazing ferrules in the flanged holes of the other header and in theadjacent lends of said fluid passages, inserting seamless lining tubesof a 'corrosion-resisting metal inA said iuid passages, extruding saidlining tubes into close contact with the walls of s id iiuidpassages,turning the ends of said limng tubes over the ends of said holeflanges of the head-J ers, and formn bodies of solder in said headersfused to t e ends of said lining tubes and to said headers to seal thejoints between the lining tubes and the walls of said fluid.`

passages.

a WILLIS H. CARRIER. EDWARD S. LEA.-

